You should pay attention to these when you vaccinate the whole people with Covid-19 vaccine.

Since the conditional listing of the first Covid-19 vaccine in China at the end of December 2020, the relevant state departments have carried out vaccination work nationwide. Among them, the vaccination work in Covid-19, a key population, is progressing in an orderly manner.

What is the current progress of vaccination in Covid-19? Why should we cover more people? Is the safety of the vaccine guaranteed? What should I do if there is an adverse reaction? With these questions, the reporter interviewed relevant experts.

What’s the vaccination situation?

-A number of vaccines have been conditionally marketed, and 74.956 million doses have been inoculated.

After the outbreak of COVID-19, China quickly deployed a number of technical routes to develop vaccines. At present, five vaccines have been approved for conditional marketing or emergency use, including three inactivated vaccines, one adenovirus vector vaccine and one recombinant protein vaccine. Vaccination is promoted in order according to key groups, high-risk groups and other groups.

According to the data of the National Health and Wellness Commission, as of March 14th, 64.98 million people have been vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine all over the country. As of 24: 00 on March 20, the cumulative report of vaccination has reached 74.956 million doses. In less than a week, nearly 10 million people were newly vaccinated.

Wang Junzhi, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, said that the composition of inactivated vaccine is the closest to the natural virus structure, which is relatively stable, convenient to transport, and usually has a strong immune response. Generally, two injections are used for immunization, which has good safety.

The preparation process of adenovirus vector vaccine is relatively simple and the cost is relatively low. It is successfully developed on the basis of the original Ebola vaccine of adenovirus type 5 in China. The vaccine can not only effectively induce neutralizing antibodies, but also enhance cellular immunity. The adopted immunization program is one-shot immunization, which is very convenient for emergency use of some special people.

Recombination vaccines expressed and purified pathogen antigen protein in engineering cells by genetic engineering, and then prepared into vaccine. Different from adenovirus vector vaccine and inactivated vaccine, it is a Covid-19 vaccine developed by a new technical route with high safety.

Experts said that Covid-19 vaccine in China has high accessibility and safety, and all citizens who are willing to vaccinate can vaccinate. Under the premise that the safety of domestic vaccines is guaranteed, the public is advised to actively vaccinate domestic vaccines and establish their own immunity and protection.

Why should we cover more people as soon as possible?

-China’s vaccination rate is still relatively low, and vaccination should be further accelerated to form an immune barrier.

After the outbreak of the epidemic in COVID-19, China has taken decisive and powerful prevention and control measures, successfully curbed the further spread of the epidemic, and achieved significant strategic results in epidemic prevention and control.

"From the perspective of the whole world, all major countries regard vaccination as an effective means to finally overcome the epidemic, and they are all promoting vaccination in an all-round way." Mao Junfeng, deputy director of the Consumer Goods Industry Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said.

Feng Zijian, deputy director of China CDC, pointed out that the epidemic situation in the world is still prevalent, but the vaccination rate in China is still relatively low, which is far from a high level of population immune protection. The entry of people or goods from high epidemic areas still has the risk of spreading in China, so vaccination should be further accelerated to form an immune barrier.

Feng Zijian stressed that even people who have been infected or vaccinated in high-prevalence countries cannot completely avoid infection. "Although the risk of illness will be greatly reduced, there is still a risk of reinfection. If it is not well guarded after entry, it may also lead to spread in China. "

He Qinghua, the first-class inspector of the CDC of the National Health and Wellness Commission, pointed out that because the epidemic situation in China has been effectively controlled, many people mistakenly believe that the epidemic situation is far away from themselves and the urgency of vaccination is not too strong. He Qinghua appealed that the COVID-19 epidemic is still prevalent all over the world, and no one can be immune to it. Vaccination is the most effective means to prevent and control the COVID-19 epidemic.

How to ensure the safety of vaccine?

—— The source and destination of vaccines can be traced, and there is a relatively mature control system.

Is Covid-19 vaccine safe? This is the public’s greatest concern about vaccines.

The reporter learned that at present, the vaccination of key populations in China is being carried out in an orderly manner, and the vaccination of high-risk groups (elderly people, patients with basic diseases, etc.) has also been implemented in some areas. Mi Feng, spokesperson of the National Health and Wellness Commission and deputy director of the Propaganda Department, said that after clinical trials have obtained sufficient safety and effectiveness data, the country will carry out vaccination for the elderly over 60 years old on a large scale.

Li Bin, deputy director of the National Health and Wellness Commission, pointed out that there are two main factors affecting the public’s willingness to vaccinate at present: First, China’s epidemic prevention and control is strong and appropriate, and some people think that the risk of infection is low, so vaccination is not needed for the time being to increase protection; Second, because Covid-19 vaccine belongs to the newly listed vaccine, some people hope to see more information about the use effect of the vaccine. Everyone is very concerned about the data on safety and effectiveness, and consider knowing more about the vaccine before vaccination.

Li Bin said that the best way to prevent COVID-19 is vaccination. Vaccination can reduce infection rate, severe disease rate and death rate; At the same time, the more people are vaccinated, the more people have immunity, which can effectively control the spread of Covid-19 among people.

"Judging from the effect of vaccine use, the Covid-19 vaccines currently used in China have been clinically studied according to the specifications, approved by the State Drug Administration, and can only be used after strict verification." Li Bin said that during the storage and transportation of vaccines, it is required to regularly detect and record the temperature, so as to ensure that the vaccines in Covid-19 are in the specified temperature environment and meet the transportation requirements. "In the process of vaccination, we have increased personnel training, requiring medical staff to strictly implement the operating rules of’ three inspections, seven pairs and one verification’, and fully guarantee the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine through standardized operations. With the comprehensive development of vaccination work in Covid-19, the number of people vaccinated is also increasing. I believe that the effect of vaccine use will be further revealed. I hope more people will actively participate in vaccination work and let the broad masses of people vaccinate as soon as possible. Let’s witness the vaccine together. Protective effect. "

What should I do if there is an adverse reaction?

The existing data show that the vaccine is safe. The public should read the contraindications carefully before vaccination.

Vaccine safety is guaranteed, so what should be done in case of abnormal reaction?

In this regard, Li Bin said that the state has organized general hospitals at or above the second level to be responsible for the medical treatment and protection of vaccination sites, dispatched experienced emergency personnel to carry necessary medical equipment, medicines and other on-site protection, and dispatched 120 ambulances to be on duty at the scene. Strictly train the personnel involved in medical treatment to ensure that the suspected abnormal reaction can be identified in time and immediately disposed of. Smooth referral channels, establish a green channel for treatment, and fully organize treatment.

He Qinghua pointed out that before vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine, the public must report their situation to doctors. People with allergic vaccine ingredients, angioneurotic edema, dyspnea, epilepsy or other nervous system diseases, a history of Guillain-Barre syndrome and pregnant and lactating women should not be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine.

Wang Huaqing, chief expert of immunization program of China CDC, said that the vaccine is an exotic antigen to human body. Due to the characteristics and individual differences of the vaccine, there may be some adverse reactions after vaccination, but the incidence of adverse reactions is generally low. Before vaccination, the public must read the contraindications carefully, and if they have a past medical history and medication history, they must give truthful feedback to the vaccinator. At present, the incidence of adverse reactions of Covid-19 vaccine is similar to that of previous vaccines, and there is no abnormality.

"The adverse reactions we are monitoring now mainly include local reactions and systemic reactions. The manifestations of local reactions are pain, redness and swelling after inoculation, and some may have induration, but these local reactions can heal themselves without treatment. There are relatively many systemic reactions, some are headaches, fatigue, and some have low fever. " Wang Huaqing said.

Wang Huaqing said that China has strict and meticulous investigation and diagnosis procedures for adverse reactions. Inoculators should seek medical treatment in time if they encounter suspected adverse reactions. In the process of diagnosis and treatment, clinicians will form a report if they suspect that it is caused by the vaccine. "If the report is a suspected abnormal reaction to vaccination and it is suspected to be related to the vaccine, we will investigate the more serious suspected adverse reactions involved in the follow-up. In the process of investigation, some cases need to be examined, and their vaccination history and the occurrence of the whole disease should be known, and finally the expert group will make a diagnosis. This requires a process and a certain amount of time, and we will continue to track and evaluate these. " (Reporter Zhang Yaxiong)